Capitalism has been the topic of much debate in recent times, and many disparaging remarks have caused politicians to call for all kinds of better capitalism, fairer capitalism, responsible capitalism and other such phrases. In order to put some sense and perspective to our current crisis it seems necessary to define capitalism and compare it to what we see in modern times in order to restore confidence in the word.
Those who do not busy themselves with such definitions tend probably to have a negative reaction to the word capitalism. The USA is generally regarded as the most capitalist country on Earth and this is contrasted to Communism, previously embodied in Soviet Russia and now most famously in China. We read of how China has delivered the fastest ever period of economic growth and how the economies of the west are stagnating. Recession looms in the west and many begin to doubt capitalism as a system that delivers economic prosperity in a fair and sustainable manner.
We have proven that capitalism works, economically that is, in that it is the most efficient way of fostering innovation and enriching a population with material wealth. All the great achievements in our history, in industry and technology, have come about not by government directed projects, but by individuals pursuing their own interests in a free society.
Critics of capitalism do not normally dispute this but instead tend to come at it from a moral standpoint, saying that the system does not deliver by some moral, ethical or spiritual measure, and that the inequalities it creates are not ‘fair.’ In order to understand why capitalism should be embraced, it is necessary to talk about what the word ‘fair’ actually means, and to understand that there has never been an alternative system proposed that adequately rewards everyone’s individual contribution to society.